Countries<Argentina<Mendoza<Mendoza< Antigua Estación Terminal del Ferrocarril Trasandino

Antigua Estación Terminal del Ferrocarril Trasandino(Mendoza)

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Description

The building where the General Archive of the Province currently operates dates from 1891, originally it was the old Terminal Station of the Trasandino Railway and the most important building of the line that joined the ports of Buenos Aires and Valparaíso. On November 5, 1872 during the government of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, the construction of a railway line was arranged to link Argentina with Chile. On Sunday, February 22, 1891, the Terminal building and the first section to Uspallata were inaugurated. The station is located south-west of the post-earthquake city on an 8-hectare site bounded by the current Belgrano, Pueyrredón, Rodríguez and Sargento Cabral streets. In addition to the Terminal building, sheds, workshops, housing for workers and a series of buildings annexed to the railway function were located on the original site. It belongs to all the terminal stations called "tip", for its development perpendicular to the tracks, which indicates its character as a starting point and arrival of line. It was built entirely with British capitals. A prismatic volume is the main body of the building, whose central sector advanced on the main façade. On the south façade was located an L-shaped gallery that connected the station with the platforms in the direction of the narrow gauge tracks. As for the façade of the building, the main one faces north, that is to say towards the city in its new location after earthquake (1861): we must think that at the time of its construction this was an agricultural area and was located outside the urban radius and the access to the opening of Belgrano Street was exclusively by Sargento Cabral Street. In 1907 the Ferrocarril Gran Oeste Argentino (FCGOA) was administered by the Ferrocarril Buenos Aires al Pacífico (FCBAP). In 1923 the latter transferred the administration of trasandino to the Chilean-Argentine Trans-Andean Railway Company. The president General Agustín P. Justo announced in 1937 - in a ceremony held at the Terminal Station itself - the decision to nationalize the line in order to rebuild it. In 1944 and after 10 years of inactivity the line resumes although that same year the station stops working since the combination of trains is made in the station of Las Heras street and Villalonga, headquarters of the railway to Buenos Aires. From that moment on, the building houses administrative functions and support for the workshops located nearby.
The opening of Belgrano Street affects the building because when it loses its end it is disconnected from the laying of railway lines, affecting with the passage of time even the remaining structure. The building of the old Trasandino Station is declared "Patrimonial Asset of the Province" by decree 1374/98.
The Historical Archive of Mendoza, under the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, operates in the building of the old Trasandino Train station, on the corner of Sargento Cabral and Belgrano streets (west) of the city of Mendoza, Argentina. The beginnings of the public documentary reservation take us back to 1856 when Governor Juan Cornelio Moyano signed the decree of October 10, 1856, which established the government's interest in the recovery and storage of the old public documents, unifying their archive. He orders the creation of a commission to gather the documentation scattered by "the anarchy of the year 20" in order to reconstruct part of the provincial history. During the periods from 1856 to 1861, Moyano's commission attempts to collect the lost information. But during the year 1861, the earthquake that destroyed the city occurs. So the documentation is lost again. In view of this event, it was decided to create by law the General Archive of the Province, in order to systematize the documentation from the Executive, Legislative and Judicial branches. In 1872, the Organic Law of the Judicial Power had created the Conservative Office, origin of the Judicial Archive of the Province, depository of the archives of Commerce, Civil, Mortgage, Mines, Crime, and all kinds of protocols. During the governorship of Rufino Ortega, in 1884, finally accumulated the documentation of the State of Mendoza since its foundation, whose materials were guarded at that time by two independent archives: the Conservative Office or Judicial Archive and the Government Archive, which included that of the Cabildo, in a single institution. By Law of June 20, 1884 Rufino Ortega created the General Archive of the Province divided into: the Administrative Registry that was composed of various sections - 1st: of all the acts of the Executive Power in the exercise of its functions; 2nd: of all those of equal character of the Legislative Power; 3rd: of those of the same nature of the Municipality; 4th: of the Civil Registry - and on the other hand, the Judicial Registry. From 1884 to the present the archive undergoes changes in its structure and dependence. In 1925 it was renamed the administrative and historical archive of the province depending on the ministry of government. In 1960 it adopted the name of a historical archive separating it from the Civil Registry Archive. In 1972 with the creation of the Ministry of Culture and Education it became part of the Undersecretariat of Culture 20 years later it became part of the Ministry of Culture, Science and Technology. In 1994 law 6240, in its article 5 affects the then Ministry of Culture science and technology the property where the old station of the trans-Andean railway was located for the recycling and or expansion of the building that was to be definitively destined to the operation of the Historical Archive of Mendoza. In 1996, the year in which the Provincial Institute of Culture was created, the Archive then became a sub-directorate of the Directorate of Historical and Cultural Heritage. Since December 1999, the Undersecretariat of Culture has been under the commission of culture in 2001, the project of the definitive transfer to its own building has been resumed. On June 21, 2002, the General Archive of the Province was renamed again as it was in its origins and reopened the doors of its new and definitive headquarters after 118 years in which its valuable documentary heritage was transferred from building to building.
In the recovered building of the former Trasandino Station, a new and modern document repository with climate control was built attached and a public square and gardens were enabled.
The Archive holds valuable documents from 1563 and 1979. Among them are: royal charters, decrees, general San Martín's sides, trials, military lists, official correspondence with the provinces and abroad. It also has a library containing about four thousand volumes with various themes. The largest newspaper library preserves newspapers from the late nineteenth century to the present: "El Constitucional", "Los Andes" and "El Debate", among others. The minor newspaper library has annals, bulletins, magazines and other publications. It also has an archive of audiovisual media with thematically ordered photographs and the recent incorporation of the photographic archive of Public Information, derived from the Government with an important collection of negatives of the work of government recorded by the press office throughout the decades of the second half of the twentieth century. Thus, the main objective of the General Archive of the Province is the conservation and custody of historical documents for the community. But cultural extension activities are also carried out in its "Multipurpose Room" and in the Permanent Exhibition rooms: "Vendimia", and "Sanmartiniana". This last room, called "Army of the Andes", has a permanent sample of documentation and commemorative elements of the time in which General San Martín ruled Cuyo and of the liberating feat.

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