Countries<Spain<Castilla y León<El Bierzo< Las Médulas

Las Médulas(El Bierzo)

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Description

The World Heritage Committee decided to inscribe this property because it considered the gold mines of Las Médulas to be an outstanding example of innovative Roman technology, in which all elements of the ancient landscape, both industrial and domestic, have survived to an exceptional degree.

Las Médulas was the largest open-pit mine in the entire Roman Empire. Its scale, the number of remains and the degree of preservation of the site make it an exceptional example of ancient mining. Remains of each of the phases of this economic activity are preserved here, the mine cuttings produced reached a maximum length of 3 kilometres and a depth of more than 100 metres, and the hydraulic infrastructure created 325 kilometres of canalisation excavated in the rock. The most spectacular system used at Las Médulas was what Pliny the Elder called 'ruina montium', i.e. 'the collapse of the mountains'. Using this technique, which was applied to reach the levels with the most gold in one go, the Romans collapsed large masses of conglomerate by using water stored in large tanks and pouring it under pressure through a network of tunnels built for this purpose.

But the value of Las Médulas goes beyond the monumental remains of Roman gold mining that have been preserved. It is the product of the historical changes that this exploitation implied, becoming a landmark in mining historiography that shows the impressive Roman technology and the consequent transformation of the territory. Its importance therefore lies in its historical, economic, social and ecological significance. It marked a change in the exploitation of resources and in the way of life of the local communities during Antiquity, and shows the profound transformation that Roman gold mining produced in the communities that inhabited the area. In Las Médulas it is possible to understand on the ground the interaction between human communities and the natural resources they exploited, as well as the social relations in which this exploitation took place. Furthermore, these changes gave a new articulation to the territory: new access routes, watercourses and crops were created that have survived to the present day. Las Médulas is the result of Roman intervention in a territory over two centuries and of the changes experienced in that territory up to the present day.

Image of Las Médulas