Countries<Spain<Castilla y León<Salamanca< Ciudad vieja de Salamanca

Ciudad vieja de Salamanca(Salamanca)

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Description

The Old City of Salamanca was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1988 as one of the essential focal points of the art of the Churriguera family, whose influence in the 18th century spread from the Iberian Peninsula to Latin America. Salamanca's Plaza Mayor is a unique artistic achievement of Baroque art and its University, one of the best in Europe, is an exceptionally coherent ensemble in the heart of the historic city.

The earliest written Roman sources mention Salmantica, a city founded by the Vacceans. In Roman times, Salamanca was an important commercial centre due to its special characteristics of accessibility and defence. One of the most important Roman roads, the Silver Way, crosses the Old City. During the Muslim domination it suffered a period of decline. Later, in the 12th century, the city began to be repopulated, reaching its greatest peak during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, when construction began on the New Cathedral and the University building. Salamanca became a Renaissance city of great splendour thanks to the university environment, favourable to the communication of humanist ideas, the wealth generated by the wool trade and the landed estates of the nobility.

The city is built on three hills on the right bank of the river Tormes. It stands out for its golden tone, characteristic of the stone used, Villamayor stone, which allows fine filigree work to be carried out and which, due to its iron content, oxidises in the air, giving it its characteristic colour. Its urban morphology largely maintains the medieval road network.

In Salamanca a wide variety of periods and artistic styles are represented, from the Roman Bridge, the Romanesque of the Old Cathedral, the Gothic of the New Cathedral and San Esteban, the Mudejar of the church of Santiago to the Renaissance style with masterpieces such as the Palace of Monterrey and the Casa de la Salina. But Salamanca is the plateresque city par excellence. Here you can see the best examples of Plateresque art, with the façade of the University standing out above all others. Baroque art is also represented by the Plaza Mayor, the greatest exponent of the Churrigueresque Baroque style in Spain, built during the reign of Felipe V. The Churriguera dynasty was also the author of other buildings, such as the Clerecía, the Calatrava College and the church of San Sebastián. The neoclassical style is represented in the Palacio de Anaya.

It is to its University that the city owes its essential characteristics. The remarkable collection of Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque buildings that were erected, from the 15th to the 18th century, around an institution that proclaimed itself "Mother of Virtues, Sciences and Arts", makes Salamanca an exceptional example of an ancient university city in the Christian world. The University was organised on the model of an association of students: universitas studentium, as in Bologna. During this first phase, and until the 15th century, classes were held, as in other universities, in ecclesiastical buildings or in premises rented by the University. The graduation ceremony took place in a chapel of the Old Cathedral and this tradition continued until 1843. Subsequently, the Escuelas Mayores, grouped around a central courtyard, were built, as well as the Escuelas Menores. At the same time, the city was home to a large number of colleges, essentially charitable institutions closely linked to the University. Among them we can highlight the College of the Irish, the finest example of the Renaissance colleges, built to house the students of this country. The university and the institutions associated with it thus became a reference point in Europe at the time.

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