Countries<Spain<Castilla y León<Salamanca< Sitios de arte rupestre prehistórico del Valle del Côa y de Siega Verde

Sitios de arte rupestre prehistórico del Valle del Côa y de Siega Verde(Salamanca)

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Description

The prehistoric rock art sites of the Côa Valley were inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1998, a declaration that was extended in 2010 to include the Palaeolithic rock art of Siega Verde, as an exceptional example of the earliest examples of symbolic creation and the beginning of human cultural development, thus complementing the same values recognised in the whole of Foz Côa. The rock art of Siega Verde and its relationship with the neighbouring Côa Valley gives us an exceptional insight into the social, economic and spiritual relationships of our first ancestors.

The rock art is located along the Douro River on both sides of the Portuguese-Spanish border. The prehistoric rock art sites of the Côa Valley possess an extraordinary concentration of Upper Palaeolithic petroglyphs that is unique in the world and constitutes one of the most remarkable examples of early human artistic creations. The archaeological site of Siega Verde, located some 15 kilometres downstream from the town of Ciudad Rodrigo in Salamanca, completes these sites with its 645 engravings executed on a slope formed by fluvial erosion on the banks of the Águeda River. The inscription of Siega Verde on the World Heritage List complements the declaration of the Côa Valley.

Both the Côa Valley and Siega Verde show an exceptional concentration of engravings representing images and symbols. They consist mainly of animal representations, such as horses, bovids and capybaras. Human figures and signs are also present. The Siega Verde cave complex is made up of a total of 94 schist panels on which more than 500 figures have been identified so far, including, as in the case of the Côa sites, animal species characteristic of the fauna of this period (equids, aurochs, bison, deer, reindeer, megaceros and capybaras) as well as anthropomorphic and abstract representations of great iconographic value. The figures were made using the techniques of piqueteado, which delimits the outline of the figure with dots, or incision or drawing by means of a fine line engraved on the rock. The stylistic, technical and thematic features allow us to place these figures in the Upper Palaeolithic, within a chronological range between 20,000 and 11,000 BC, the time of development of the Solutrian and Magdalenian cultures.

The Valle del Coa y Siega Verde rock art site is the most important open-air Palaeolithic rock art site on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the most important in Europe. The importance of this prehistoric art site lies in its rarity and extension; its uniqueness lies in its open-air location, which proves that the cave paintings were not only made in caves. Both sites provide an excellent illustration of the iconographic themes of Palaeolithic rock art, which contributes to a better understanding of these artistic manifestations engraved in stone. Together they constitute an exceptional testimony to the ways of life, economy and spirituality in the early stages of human cultural development.

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