Countries<Spain<Cataluña [Catalonia]<Tarragona< Conjunto arqueológico de Tarragona

Conjunto arqueológico de Tarragona(Tarragona)

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Description

The city of Tarraco is the first and oldest Roman settlement on the Iberian Peninsula, capital of the province Hispania Citerior from Augustus onwards. The unique Roman planning, using a system of artificial terraces that followed the natural slopes of the land, together with the density and quality of the monuments preserved, made it a city of great importance in the Roman Empire as a whole, serving as a model for other provincial capitals and for the development of Roman urban planning.

The city of Tarraco covered an area of 70 hectares, with a regularised urban layout that adapted to the topographical unevenness of the hillside, while at the same time strengthening the road network connecting the port, one of the main infrastructures on which the city was built, and the upper part, located on a hill, of a markedly strategic nature and organised into three terraces: one dedicated to imperial worship, another to provincial administrative offices and the lower one to recreational areas with a circus.

The archaeological site that has come down to us is one of the most extensive preserved in Roman Hispania. It is made up of remains from 218 BC, when the Scipiones fortified the city with a wall, until the 4th century, when the necropolis and the villa of Centcelles are dated. The wall is the oldest and best-preserved Roman building. In the years 150-125 BC it grew in length, height and width and came to encompass the urban centre, losing part of its strictly defensive character. Built with a plinth of large cyclopean or megalithic stones, the height of the wall increased to 12 m. and its width increased from 4.5 m. to 6 m. Today, 1100 m. of the wall remain, with three towers, a large voussoir gate, the only original entrance still preserved, and five gateways. The amphitheatre, dated to the end of the 1st century or the first half of the 2nd century BC, measures 109 m by 86 m and could hold up to 14,000 spectators. It was located outside the city centre, on a sloping area that contributed to the consistency of the construction and facilitated acoustics. It retains its elliptical floor plan and a large part of the original stands.

The Roman theatre was built at the end of the 1st century BC in the port area, taking advantage of the existing natural slope. The building ceased to function in the last years of the 2nd century. It partially preserves the three essential structural elements that define a Roman theatre: cavea or tiers, orchestra and scaena. In the upper part of the city was the circus, the building dedicated to the spectacle that became most popular. Built at the end of the 1st century AD, it could hold around 23,000 spectators. Part of the grandstands at one of the bends and the monumental entrance gates are still preserved. All this, together with other elements such as the aqueduct, the Mèdol quarry, the villa dels Munts, the tower of the Escisiones, the arch of Bera and the Colonia lighthouse, make the archaeological site of Tarraco one of the most important in Roman Hispania.

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