Countries<Spain<Extremadura<Mérida< Conjunto arqueológico de Mérida

Conjunto arqueológico de Mérida(Mérida)

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Description

The archaeological site of Mérida is one of the most important and extensive in Spain. It was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1993 as a remarkable example of public buildings from the Roman Empire and an exceptional testimony to a very significant period in the history of Spain and the world. The monuments of Mérida are a valuable example of the public buildings of a Roman provincial capital, of which remains of particular importance have been preserved. The origins of the Extremaduran city of Mérida date back to 25 BC, when the Emperor Octavian Augustus, at the end of his campaign in Hispania, founded the colony Augusta Emerita as an idealised mirror of Rome for the veterans (emeritus) of legions V and X. It was subsequently distinguished by being named the capital of Lusitania, the westernmost province of the Roman Empire. From its origins until the fall of the Roman Empire, Merida was an important legal, economic and military centre, especially after Diocletian's administrative reform, which made it the capital of the diocese of Hispania. In the Visigothic period it continued its splendour, being one of the most important cities on the peninsula in the 5th century, with one of the oldest archiepiscopal seats on the peninsula.

The city of Mérida is made up of an abundant collection of monuments and public works not only from the Roman period, but also from the Visigothic and Muslim periods. The archaeological site, with a total surface area of 36.87 hectares, includes 29 elements, most of which are vestiges of the ancient Roman colony, as well as unique buildings from the Visigothic and Muslim periods. Most of the elements are located in the area inside the walls of the Roman colony, but some are outside the walls, such as the dams, the aqueducts or the Alange thermal baths, located in a natural environment and a landscape very similar to that of the Roman period.

The remains of the ancient Roman city are well preserved, giving a complete idea of what a Roman provincial capital was like in Imperial times. The theatre, promoted by the consul Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa in 15 and 16 BC, is particularly noteworthy. Also significant are the amphitheatre and the Roman circus, where the famous chariot and chariot races were held. The aqueduct of Los Milagros, which carried water from the Prosperina reservoir, and the Rabo de Buey-San Lázaro aqueduct, both built to overcome the lack of water, have also been preserved. Due to its status as the capital of the province of Lusitania, Mérida had two forums, of which some buildings such as the Temple of Diana and the public baths are still preserved. Other very representative examples are the Arch of Trajan, which was located on the Cardo Maximus, one of the main roads in the city and a link between the two forums, and the Casa del Mitreo, an example of Roman domestic architecture where the Cosmological Mosaic is located.

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