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Caminos de Santiago de Compostela: Camino francés y Caminos del Norte de España(Santiago de Compostela)

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In European history, the Way of St. James has been the first backbone of the old continent. This Christian pilgrimage route was of great importance during the Middle Ages, leaving a very important artistic and cultural mark. It played a fundamental role in the promotion of cultural exchanges between the Iberian Peninsula and the rest of Europe during the Middle Ages, fostering cultural and economic development in the areas through which it passed. The flow of people and ideas from all over Europe still survives today.

The Way of St. James has been inextricably linked to culture, education and information. What was said, preached, told, sung, sculpted or painted along the way reached more and more people and more and more places. Thanks to its influence on art and literature, Compostela, along with Jerusalem and Rome, became the goal of Christian society, especially between the 11th and 14th centuries. The Way, a pilgrimage or Jacobean phenomenon, became a catalyst for the whole of Christian society.

The history of the Way of St. James dates back to the dawn of the 9th century with the discovery of the tomb of St. James the Greater, evangeliser of Spain. The discovery of the tomb of the first martyred apostle meant finding an indisputable point of reference in which the plurality of conceptions of different peoples, already Christianised but at that time in need of unity, could converge. The increasingly widespread belief in the miracles of Saint James led people to start making pilgrimages to Santiago de Compostela to obtain his grace. These pilgrimages constituted the beginning of the Way of St. James, which was consolidated in the 12th and 13th centuries with the granting of certain spiritual indulgences. This first route, which started in Oviedo, has been called the Primitive Way. But the pilgrimage boom developed in the 11th century when, by order of the kings Sancho III el Mayor and Sancho Ramírez of Navarre and Aragon, as well as Alfonso VI, the architecture along the route was reinforced and promoted, thus instituting the French Way. Thus, of the medieval routes that led to Santiago de Compostela on the Iberian Peninsula, the so-called French Route became the most important. As it passed through important religious and civil centres - many of which grew up in the shadow of the pilgrimages - it has left us a spectacular display of artistic testimonies. This route, declared World Heritage in 1993, begins its route in the town of Valcarlos (Navarre), joins up in Puente de la Reina with the Aragonese Route which crosses municipalities such as Jaca, Estella, Logroño, Santo Domingo de la Calzada, Nájera, Burgos, León and Astorga. Burgos, León and Astorga. It thus crosses Navarre, Aragon (Huesca and Zaragoza), La Rioja, Castile-León (Burgos, Palencia and León) and Galicia (Lugo and A Coruña). In addition to the French Way, there are other routes to Santiago in Spain: the Northern Way, the Silver Route, the Portuguese Way and the English Way.

The importance of the Way of St. James lies not only in the artistic works it has left us - it is marked by more than 1,800 religious and civil buildings of historical interest - but also in the religious, cultural and economic links established in this pilgrimage network.

Image of Caminos de Santiago de Compostela: Camino francés y Caminos del Norte de España