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Monasterio y sitio de El Escorial(Madrid)

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Description

The Monastery and Royal Site of El Escorial is one of the most representative monuments of Spanish architecture, indissolubly linked to the Hispanic monarchy, the Golden Age and the ideology of the Catholic Counter-Reformation of the 16th century.

San Lorenzo de El Escorial is located in the foothills of Madrid's Sierra de Guadarrama mountain range, in an imposing natural setting of great beauty, against which the resounding silhouette of the Monastery is silhouetted. This building of colossal dimensions, exceptional for its time, was ordered to be built by King Felipe II in 1563 to commemorate the victory in the battle of San Quintín, which took place on the day of San Lorenzo, as well as with the aim of becoming the pantheon of the Spanish monarchs after Carlos V, a use that is still in force today.

The Monastery housed not only the religious community of the Hieronymite Order, but also a Royal Palace, a school, a seminary, a library and the imposing basilica, which houses paintings and sculptures by the most notable artists of the time, both Spanish and Italian. The complex is arranged around courtyards and cloisters, and its shape evokes the form of a grill, the instrument of martyrdom of the saint to whom it is dedicated. The monastery thus transcends its functionality to symbolise the power of the Catholic monarchy of its time, and extol the figure of Philip II as a new Solomon, a wise and prudent king.

The work was begun by Juan Bautista de Toledo and continued after his death by Juan de Herrera, who left a profound mark on Spanish Renaissance architecture with his "Herrerian" style, characterised by the austere monumentality of his constructions.

In addition to the gardens and orchards of the friars, the UNESCO World Heritage Site also includes the Houses of Oficios and Compaña, where the services of the Monastery and the Court were housed. The declaration also includes the houses of the Ministerios, Infantes and Reina, which completed the Lonja that surrounds the building in the 18th century, as well as the Casita del Príncipe and Casita del Infante, pleasure mansions surrounded by gardens.

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