Countries<Peru<La Costa<Tacna< Techo de Mojinete Truncado

Techo de Mojinete Truncado(Tacna)

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Description

Tacna and Moquegua, in the extreme south of Peru, together with Arica and Tarapacá, in the extreme north of Chile, constituted a single geopolitical and cultural region of Peru before the War of the Pacific. In this region, a very peculiar type of civil and vernacular architecture was generated that had an influence on constructions since the late colonial period and lasted until the Republic: the so-called truncated mojinete roof, the archetypes of which still exist in Tacna and Moquegua. Mojinete, caballete or albardilla, is a blunt roof form with a flat line located in the upper part of the two waters and that, seen from the front, presents a trapezoidal top. This is the origin of the name "truncated mojinete". Built with a wooden structure as a base to superimpose a set of boards and reed mats, on which is deposited directly a mud cake of 7 to 10 cm. thick approximately. These roofs are supported by adobe and quincha walls. Several specialists and researchers of this singular construction warn that the particularity of its form, use of materials and location of openings or high openings, would efficiently solve the problems of a hot summer climate and the humid and cold winters that characterize this region, since the mojinete roof receives less solar radiation than the flat roof and responds better to the high temperature of the place. Due to natural and social factors, this truncated mojinete roof architecture has undergone variations, especially during the time of the Republic. Tacna is located in a highly seismic zone; the earthquake of 1868 reached 9 degrees on the Richter scale destroyed many of these buildings, and the arrival of new styles in vogue imposed a model of rectangular facade. Many of the earlier buildings, seeking to adapt to the new dominant style, were altered by placing a flat facade that hides the profile of the truncated roof. The construction of this vernacular architecture lasted until the first decades of the 20th century, with the milestone date of 1929, when Chile returned the political administration of Tacna to Peru and the beginning of an expansive urban process with new materials such as iron and concrete. The constructions with truncated mojinete roof were left in oblivion due to the high cost of its construction. However, the truncated pitched roof as a style, as a construction system and as an architecture perfectly suited to the climate of the place, prevailed through time and transcended to the constructions of all social strata, as a symbol of cultural identity. This heritage architectural typology is at risk of disappearing due to the high cost of its restoration and maintenance. The loss will not only be material, but is also considered as the loss of the cultural and social identity of a human group that constitutes the historical collective memory of the city. The new generations barely manage to see them as old or dilapidated shacks and, in spite of the provisions to preserve them in Tacna, many of them are disappearing, especially the oldest ones, almost as if they were falling under the weight of their own old age and the structural problems that condemn them.

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