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Mykolaiv Astronomical Observatory(Mykolaiv)

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Description

History of the observatory: Admiral Alexei Greig founded the observatory in 1821 as a naval observatory. The building was built on June 28, 1829 by the architect of the Black Sea Admiralty Fedor Wunsch. The astronomical observatory was built on the site that is now called Spassky Kurgan. During the leveling of the land for construction, ruins were found that could have remained from the time of Greek colonization of the region.

The history of the observatory in Mykolaiv can be divided into three distinct periods:
1. From 1821 to 1904 - functioned as a marine observatory. At that time it provided the Black Sea Fleet with navigational information and instruments, trained navigators.
2. From 1904 to 1991 - is under the jurisdiction of the Pulkovo Observatory and is considered its southern branch.
3. From 1992 to the present time - the formation of the Mykolaiv Astronomical Observatory as an independent scientific institution.

Some notable dates:
1. Since 1912 it became a separate department of the Main Astronomical Observatory in Mykolaiv.
2. In 1935, the Astronomical Observatory was included in the scientific institutions of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union as the Mykolaiv branch.
3. In 2002 it received the status of a research institute.
4. In April 2007, the observatory was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Architecture of the Mykolaiv Observatory:
The territory of the observatory covers an area of 7.1 hectares and includes:
- architectural monument - the main building of the observatory;
- old and modern astronomical pavilions;
- buildings for economic and scientific purposes;
- park foundation and cast iron fence.

It was decided to organize the main entrance to the observatory on the northern side of the hill. A six-column portico led to it, in front of which a wide staircase was made. The central hall is built in the form of a square, the side of which is 10 m. The ceiling of this hall rests on 16 columns, forming a circle with a diameter of 8 m.

On top of the auditorium, the architect designed a high rotunda with a flat roof, in the center of which a round hole was made for observing the anti-aircraft stars. A complex mechanism consisting of blocks and ropes made it possible to close this hole with a wooden shutter.

In the walls of the rotunda there are openings for four doors, which are located on the cardinal points, and 12 windows that allowed to observe the celestial bodies in any part of the sky. On the roof towards the west of the rotunda, the builders put two stone pillars. In this place young navigators installed their instruments for observing the stars.

The astronomical observatory has survived to this day unchanged.
Observatory Museum: The Round Hall of the main building and two pavilions house the exposition of the observatory museum. The museum has a unique collection:
- astronomical instruments;
- astronomical clocks;
- old books;
- photographs;
- paintings; maps.

The pride of Mykolaiv astronomers is the ancient Repsold Meridian Circle, built in 1834 in Germany. After restoration and modernization, various observation programs were conducted on it for 40 years.

Image of Mykolaiv Astronomical Observatory