Countries<Ukraine<Zakarpattia<Úzhgorod< Uzhgorod Castle

Uzhgorod Castle(Úzhgorod)

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Description

Uzhgorod castle has a millennial trail of history. It is known that already in the VIII century there was a settlement of the Slavic tribe of White Croats on the local mountain. Later, at the end of the IX - beginning of the X century, a wooden fortification (palisade and ditzen) was built on this place - it was here that the residence of Prince Laborets was located. But very soon the fortress was burned by the Hungarians who attacked the prince's possessions. After some time, the Hungarians conquered the territory of the citadel and rebuilt the castle. And in the XIV century, the Hungarian king gave the fortress to the famous Italian dynasty of the Drugeti, who ruled here for almost four centuries.

Uzhgorod castle was repeatedly rebuilt over the centuries - this was required by the development of fortifications. The castle underwent the most significant innovation in the times of the Drugetts, at the end of the XVI century, when Italian masters formed the layout of the castle fortifications, which has survived to this day. The reconstruction of the castle is evidenced by the dates carved in several places above the entrance gate.

The military defense system of the castle is simple and at the same time powerful. On three sides the fortress is surrounded by a moat cut directly into the rock, and on the fourth - by a steep cliff. Uzhgorod Citadel is an irregular quadrangle with bastions in the corners, surrounded by a fortress wall. Massive square bastions protrude slightly forward - this made it possible to fire along the fortress walls. Artillery was located on the bastions, which kept the approaches to the castle under fire. The walls of the castle and the corners of the bastions are lined with stone. And only here and there you can see the brick-laid gaps - these are traces of a long siege.

The castle in Uzhgorod was besieged many times, especially in the XVII century - during the religious struggle and mass peasant uprisings. The last time the fortress was besieged during the national liberation struggle of the Habsburgs. Then the national liberation movement was led by the famous Ferenc Rakoczy II, another "master" of the castle. Later, the fortress was ruled by Miklos Bercheni - he made Uzhgorod castle the main center of cultural and political life. And in the second quarter of 1700 Uzhgorod castle was even given to the Uniate diocese, which placed here the theological lyceum until the arrival of Soviet troops.
In the courtyard of the castle there is a cast-iron statue of Hercules killing the Lernaean hydra - this is a monument of foundry art of 1842, once very developed in Transcarpathia. Not far from Hercules you will find another famous character of Greek mythology - the sculpture of Hermes. A few more steps - and you will see a bronze statue of Turul - the mythical bird of the ancient eels. And from the eastern bastion you will see a stunning panorama of the picturesque valley of the Uzh.

Today, the Uzhgorod Castle houses a museum of local lore with unique exhibits and rarities. Nearby, on the southern slope of the Castle Hill, there is the Skansen - Transcarpathian Museum of Folk Architecture and Life in the open air. Nearby you will see a real masterpiece of sacred architecture of the city, its main spiritual center - the Holy Cross Cathedral.

According to one legend, the White Virgin still lives in Uzhgorod castle. There is a version that this is the daughter of Count Druget, the owner of the fortress, who disobeyed her father and fell in love with the voivode from the enemy camp of Poles who wanted to conquer the fortress. Blinded by love, the girl gave her lover all the secrets of the underground passages of the citadel. For this, the unfortunate girl was walled alive in the castle wall. Since then, at midnight, she, in a white dress, comes out of the hiding place in search of her beloved and cries pitifully.

Image of Uzhgorod Castle